TURNING AROUND

On sustainability of Thousands of schoolchildren demonstrated on the streets of Australian cities at the end of November. They were protesting against their government’s lacklustre response to climate change. Their protest march coincided with the G20 summit in Argentina. The summit showed no consensus on climate change, proving the point the children in Australia had made — that political leaders are not serious about the environmental crisis. Official reaction Over the recent years, Australia has experienced dire consequences of global warming. By dropping their school routine on a working day, the children were making an additional point. They were conveying the feeling that natural catastrophe would make academic attainment meaningless. Their collective anger was neither politically engineered nor unruly. That is why it elicited a quick, though disapproving, response from the Australian Prime Minister. On his way to the G20 summit, he said students should focus on le

5G if the fifth iteration or fifth generation of wireless communication technology that promises speeds upto  20 Gbps  (Gigabits per second). 5G cellular technology will also enable much higher data transmission than is currently possible over 4G systems due to its higher bandwidth capacity. 5G will utilize the spectrum band between  3 GHz and 30 GHz  to generate high-speed waves. Unlike 4G that requires high powered cellular towers to transmit signals over long distances, 5G wireless signals will be transmitted via a large number of small cell stations that will be located on light towers or building roofs. 5G requires multiple small towers to radiate signals since radio waves in the 3 GHz to 30 GHz spectrum can travel at very high speeds only for short distances. 5G will employ millimetre wave (mmWave) for transmission which is exclusively available in high-frequency spectrum above 24 GHz. However, the downside of a millimetre wave is that it cannot penetrate through buildings an

Introduction: Digital technology is disrupting traditional financial services in India by expanding access and putting customer eccentricity and convenience at the fore. Innovative digital solutions are successfully starting to address the challenges with which traditional financial service delivery processes have been afflicted. Aided by regulatory and infrastructural support with India Stack specifically, various technology solution providers have been able to create platforms that are approaching the objective of total financial inclusion in multiple domains –credit, savings, payments and insurance. Credit services: Banks, traditionally, have a laid out process of assessing the creditworthiness of a customer and providing credit. With a comfortable, sometimes lengthy turnaround-time, customers are assessed based on their historical bank statements and other factors like credit histories and CIBIL scores that banks have learnt from their experience in the ind

A call to Swachh Bharat programme on October 2, 2014, the sanitation infrastructure in the country was inadequate, millions of people defecated in the open, effective waste management was an almost alien concept and maintaining cleanliness occupied little or no priority in society. The government has worked towards creating sanitation infrastructure like toilets and waste management facilities and running sustained awareness campaigns to motivate people to adopt cleanliness as a way of life. For the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, one of the major Swachhata challenges has been the cleaning of River Ganga to restore its Aviralta and Nirmalta–its continuous and unpolluted flow. Ganga has multiple sources of pollution. About   2953 million litres of sewage generated by 97 towns along the banks enter the river untreated every day. The sewage treatment infrastructure in these towns in inadequate, and in many cases defunct for

The 2018 G20 Summit began on November 28, 2018 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nineteen leaders of the world's biggest economies and a representative of the European Union held a meeting on November 30 as part of the G20 summit. Prime Minister Narendra Modi represented India at the Summit and met US President Donald Trump, Chinese President Xi Jinping, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Argentina President Mauricio Macri, Chilean President Sebastian Pinera and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, on the sidelines of the summit.  PM Modi presented a 9-point agenda to G20 Member Nations, calling for strong and active cooperation to deal with fugitive economic offenders. The agenda was presented during the second session of the G20 Summit 2018 on International Trade, International Financial and Tax Systems. India also called for joint efforts by G-20 countries to form a mechanism that denies entry to fugitive economic offenders. G20 Summit 2018 It will be the 13th meeting

Renaming of Jharsuguda Airport, Odisha as “Veer Surendra Sai Airport,Jharsuguda” The Union Cabinet has approved renaming of Jharsuguda Airport, Odisha as “Veer Surendra Sai Airport, Jharsuguda” Benefits: Veer Surendra Sai is a well-known freedom fighter of Odisha. Renaming of the Jharsuguda airport in his name will fulfill long-pendingdemand of the Odisha Government, which reflects the sentiments of the localpublic of the respective area. It will also be a befitting tribute to the contribution of the revered personalityassociated with the State. DHARMA GUARDIAN – 2018 About: Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN – 2018, a joint military exercise between Indian & Japanese Armies, commenced at Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Vairengete, Mizoram, India on 01 November 2018. The Japanese contingent is being represented by 32ndInfantry Battalion,while the Indian side is being represented by 6/1 Gorkha Rifles. One platoon strength each of both the battalions is participating

Chola inscriptions mention several categories of land. vellanvagai -land of non-Brahmana peasant proprietors brahmadeya -land gifted to Brahmanas shalabhoga -land for the maintenance of a school devadana, tirunamattukkani -land gifted to temples pallichchhandam -land donated to Jaina institutions

Bordered by China, Nepal and Bhutan, Sikkim has long been regarded as one of the last Himalayan Shangri-las. The state was join india in 1975. Sikkim isn't the most accessible area to visit in India. However, it certainly is one of the most energetic and refreshing. There's something very soothing to the soul about the mountainous beauty and ancient Tibetan Buddhist culture in Sikkim.  Although the state is only small, its vertical terrain makes it very slow to traverse. Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, is constructed on a cloudy ridge 5,500 feet above sea level.  When the clouds clear, it's possible to see all the way to Khangchendzonga's soaring peaks (the world's third-highest mountain, Khangchendzonga National Park was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2016). The city is refreshingly clean and well organized, and most tourists spend a couple of days there to make travel arrangements and see the sights.

• There is no clear idea of the political organization of the Indus valley people. Perhaps they were more concerned with commerce and they were possibly ruled by a class of merchants. • Also there was an organization like a municipal corporation to look after the civic amenities of the people in Indus Civilization.

The Indus Valley people were primarily urban people. Indus valley Civilization urban based Civilization. Elaborative town-planning following the Grid System. Roads were well cut dividing the town into large rectangular or square blocks. Lamp posts at intervals indicate the existence of street lightening. • Burnt bricks of good quality were used for building material except in Rangpur and Kalibangan. Elsewhere in the contemporary world mud bricks were used. • Houses were often of two or more storey, of varying sizes but were quite monotonous – a square courtyard around which were a number of rooms. It is especially noteworthy that almost every house had its own wells, bathrooms, courtyards, drains and kitchens. • There was a good drainage system and drains were made of mortar, lime and gypsum and covered with large brick slabs for easy access  which shows a developed sense of health and sanitation. Every house had its own soak-pit which collected all the sed

The Indus Valley civilization was an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus river and the Ghaggar-Hakra river in what is now Pakistan and north-western India. • An alternative term for the culture is Saraswati- Sindhu civilization based on the fact that most of the Indus Valley sites have been found along the Ghaggar-Hakra river. • R.B. Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa beside river Ravi in 1921. R.D. Banerjee discovered Mohenjodaro .Mohenjo-Daro means ‘Mound of the Dead’.The Mohenjo-Daro located  beside Indus river in 1922. Sir John Marshal played a crucial role in excavation of Harrapan civilization. • Harappan civilization forms part of the proto history of India i.e. the script is there, but it cannot be deciphered and belongs to the Bronze Age.The Harappan culture also belongs to Proto Culture. • The Indus valley civilization gradually developed to a full-fledged civilization which has been established through a continuous sequence of strata named as

The centre of the civilization was in Sind and Punjab in undivided India, from this centre from its diversified to all directions. In West the last extent is seaboard of South Baluchistan at the Suktagendor which can be called its western border. In east Alamagirpur in Uttar Pradesh (District Meerut) can be called its Eastern Border. In North it extended up to Manda in Jammu & Kashmir and in south it extended up to Diamabad (District Ahamed Nagar Maharashtra) was the site where four figurines of Bronze on the bank of Pravara River found. This pushed the civilization's extension in further south. Indus civilization remnants have been discovered from as far south as Mumbai in Maharashtra State. Observations • Most settlements in Indus Valley Civilization are on banks of rivers. • As far as extension is concerned, the Indus civilization was largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, South Asia and China • This area is triangular in shape and no o