On the Road to Swachh Bharat

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A call to Swachh Bharat programme on October 2, 2014, the sanitation infrastructure in the country was inadequate, millions of people defecated in the open, effective waste management was an almost alien concept and maintaining cleanliness occupied little or no priority in society.

The government has worked towards creating sanitation infrastructure like toilets and waste management facilities and running sustained awareness campaigns to motivate people to adopt cleanliness as a way of life.
For the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, one of the major Swachhata challenges has been the cleaning of River Ganga to restore its Aviralta and Nirmalta–its continuous and unpolluted flow.

Ganga has multiple sources of pollution. About  2953 million litres of sewage generated by 97 towns along the banks enter the river untreated every day.

The sewage treatment infrastructure in these towns in inadequate, and in many cases defunct for want of proper maintenance.

The problem will only get compounded as population grows in these towns, generating more waste.
Then there are untreated effluents from industrial sources, solid waste from the towns and villages along the river banks, agricultural waste, open defecation waste, and polluted tributaries and nallahs emptying into the river all contributing to the load of pollutants.

Comprehensive cleaning of the river requires infrastructure, systems and practices on a sustained basis. This calls for coordinated and concerted action from central, state, privateas well as the participation of people living along the river.

Namami Gange programmelaunched in 2015 has made good headway to clean Ganga. For the first time a separate ministry was made for Ganga Rejuvenation in 2014.

Innovative models like the Hybrid Annuity Modeland onecity oneoperator conceptwhere all new and existing Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs) will be under charge of one private operator, ensuring better upkeep and maintenance.

Many private companies are also taking up projects to clean Ganga, renovate the ghats and crematoria or do afforestation along the banks under their CSR activities.

Many self-motivated individuals are also coming forward for cleaning and other such works known as Ganga Praharisthey motivate other people to help keep the river and its banks clean.

The government is promoting the use of waterways as a cheaper and more environment friendly mode of transport. Around 111 waterways have been declared as National Waterway and will be developed for transport.
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The government is also trying to promote the use of cleaner fuel like Ethanol, Methanol, Bio-Diesel, Bio CNG and electricity in the transport sector as alternatives to petrol and diesel.

Road ministry is also trying for generation of less waste during road building and using waste material like fly ash, plastic, oil slag and municipal waste for construction of highways

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