THE MOST COMMONLY CITED FEATURES OF CASTE

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1. Caste is determined by birth – a child is “born into” the caste of its parents. Caste is never a
matter of choice. One can never change one’s caste, leave it, or choose not to join it, although
there are instances where a person may be expelled from their caste.
2. Membership in a caste involves strict rules about marriage. Caste groups are “endogamous”, i.e.
marriage is restricted to members of the group.
3. Caste membership also involves rules about food and food-sharing. What kinds of food may or
may not be eaten is prescribed and who one may share food with is also specified.
4. Caste involves a system consisting of many castes arranged in a hierarchy of rank and status. In
theory, every person has a caste, and every caste has a specified place in the hierarchy of all
castes. While the hierarchical position of many castes, particularly in the middle ranks, may vary
from region to region, there is always a hierarchy.
5. Castes involve sub-divisions within themselves, i.e., castes almost always have sub-castes and
sometimes sub-castes may also have sub-sub-castes. This is referred to as a segmental
organisation.
6. Castes were traditionally linked to occupations. A person born into a caste could only practice
the occupation associated with that caste, so that occupations were hereditary. On the other
hand, a particular occupation could only be pursued by the caste associated with it – members
of other castes could not enter the occupation

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