SYNOPSIS OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

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  • traced as far back as third millennium BC.
  • on the banks of the river Indus particularly at the bends that provided water, easy means of transportation of produce and other goods and also some protection by way of natural barriers of the river .
  • consisted of walled cities which provided security to the people.
  • rectangular grid pattern of layout with roads that cut each other at right angles.
  • used standardised burnt mud-bricks as building material.
  • evidence of building of big dimensions which perhaps were public buildings, administrative or business centres, pillared halls and courtyards.
  • no evidence of temples.
  • granaries which were used to store grains which give an idea of an organised collection and distribution system.
  • ‘Great Bath’ - public bathing place shows the importance of ritualistic bathing and cleanliness in this culture. It is still functional and there is no leakage or cracks in the construction.
  • most of the houses had private wells and bathrooms.
  • dominant citadal -  treated as evidence of some kind of political authority ruling over the cities.
  • evidence also of fortifications with gateways enclosing the walled cities which shows that there may have been a fear of being attacked.

Dholavira , Rangpur, Rojdi,  Lothal , Sarkotada , Kuntasi, Padri (Gujarat) Kalibangan (Rajasthan),  Bhagwanpura, Banawali (Haryana), Diamabad (Maharashtra), Alamgirpur (U.P.), and Mauda (Jammu).

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